The effect of gamma radiation on the growth of Aspergillus flavus and the production process of aflatoxin B1 in pistachio Sample     

Zahra Latif (MSc)¹ , Abolfazl Salehizadeh (PhD)², Gholamreza Shahhosseini (PhD)³

¹ Laboratory expert in Radiation Application Development Company, Atomic Energy Organization            

² Radiation Application Development Company, Atomic Energy Organization, Tehran, Iran                

³ Nuclear Science and Technology Base - Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute, Karaj, Iran - Director of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science and Fisheries Research Group

Received: 28.04.2023  Accepted: 02.06.2023

Abstract

Aim and objectives: Pistachios rank as Iran's second most significant non-oil export and are among the agricultural products most susceptible to Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin contamination. Aflatoxin B1, a highly potent naturally occurring carcinogen, is the most toxic variant of mycotoxins.

Methodology: Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin B1 in pistachios pose a significant challenge for international exports. Therefore, the early detection of these toxic compounds is crucial for managing pistachio contamination. Various methods exist for preventing and treating contaminated pistachios.

Results: Gamma-ray irradiation is an approved technique for pistachio preservation in many countries. It has proven effective in safeguarding against pathogenic bacteria without compromising the physical and chemical properties of the nuts. The required dosage of gamma radiation is primarily determined by the level of contamination and the specific harmful microorganisms present. However, excessive gamma radiation can adversely affect the pistachio's attributes, including its color and flavor.

Conclusion: This review article aims to determine the effective dose of gamma-ray radiation necessary to inhibit the growth of Aspergillus flavus and the production of aflatoxin B1 in pistachios, thereby reducing microbial load while maintaining the quality characteristics of the product.

►Please cite this article as follows:

Latif Z, Salehizadeh A, Shahhosseini Gh. The effect of gamma radiation on the growth of Aspergillus flavus and the production process of aflatoxin B1 in pistachio Sample. Pistachio and Health Journal. 2023;6(3-4):3-12.